Types

Jade has eight runtime value types.

Type	Description	Status
int	64-bit signed integer (i64)	Implemented
float	64-bit floating point (f64)	Implemented
bool	Boolean true or false	Implemented
fn	First-class function value	Implemented
struct	User-defined record type with named fields	Implemented
str	UTF-8 string with indexing and concatenation	Implemented
array	Heterogeneous mutable array with index access	Implemented
dict	String-keyed mutable hash map	Implemented
nil	Absence of value	Planned

Type Coercion Rules

Jade does not implicitly coerce types except in specific arithmetic and comparison contexts:

Rule	Example	Result
Arithmetic: int op float → float	1 + 0.5	1.5 (float)
Ordering: int < float allowed	1 < 2.5	true
Strict equality: no cross-type coercion	1 == 1.0	TypeError
Bool ordering: false = 0, true = 1	false < true	true
Bitwise: integer operands only	1.0 & 2	TypeError
Logical: bool operands only	1 && true	TypeError

note

Arithmetic promotion converts an int to float when the other operand is a float. Equality never promotes — comparing 1 to 1.0 is always a TypeError.

Dict

A dict is a mutable, string-keyed hash map. Keys are strings; values can be any Jade type. Dicts are created with curly-brace literal syntax and accessed with square-bracket indexing.

Creating a dict

let d = {"name": "jade", "version": 1}
let empty = {}

Bare identifiers are also accepted as keys — the identifier's string value becomes the key:

let key = "hello"
let greet = {key: "world"}
print(greet["hello"])  // world

Reading and writing values

print(d["name"])       // jade

d["version"] = 2       // update existing key
d["stable"] = true     // add new key

Length

print(len(d))   // number of key-value pairs

Value semantics

Assigning a dict to a new variable copies it. Mutations to the copy do not affect the original:

let d2 = d
d2["name"] = "copy"
print(d["name"])   // jade   (unchanged)
print(d2["name"])  // copy

Nested dicts

let outer = {"inner": {"x": 42}}
let inner = outer["inner"]
print(inner["x"])  // 42

note

Dict keys are always strings. Accessing a key that does not exist produces a runtime error.